The cities most affected worldwide by water pollution
E.G. Kazerooni
Canadian Scientific Researchers, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada, L4C1R9
Abstract
Water pollution is one of the most severe environmental problems for communities all across the globe, especially in town regions where population growth, industry expansion, and waste disposal are the main causes for the gradual deterioration of water quality. Surface water and groundwater quality standards are frequently broken, making wastewater a serious environmental concern. The amount of municipal wastewater produced worldwide is 380 billion m3, and it is predicted to rise by 24% by 2030 and 51% by 2050. Every day, most developing nations release 30-70 mm3 of wastewater per person. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, population increase, the use of pesticides and insecticides, inadequate waste treatment systems, and a lack of water management regulations are some of the factors causing this problem. Water bodies can get contaminated by organic debris, inorganic pollutants, nitrates, phosphate, fluoride, oil spills, heavy metals, and radioactive materials. The disposal of untreated trash has both ecological and economic consequences. In this respect, ten of the worst cities that are discussed in this article include New Delhi, Dhaka, Jakarta, Karachi, Cairo, Beijing, Mexico City, Lagos, Manila and Flint, Michigan all has grim situations concerning the influx of industrial pollution, domestic sewage, agricultural runoff and plastic wastes found in them. The prime consequences of having the water supplies contaminated include an increase in the number of waters borne diseases, a decrease in the biodiversity levels and a change to normal day to day activities. Aspects concerning the socio-economic burden posed by the lack and the contamination of water are touched upon stressing on the existence of policies and practices that are effective as well as sustainable. The response includes advanced existing water treatment technologies in addition to local activity-based initiatives. The experiences of these cities amplify how important an integrated approach combining civil authorities, industries and communities is in prevention of ocean pollution. This review targets contributing toward the already existing engagements directed at solving the water crisis and emphasizes the need for both short-term measures and long-term strategies that will provide clean and potable urban water for different cities around the world.
Keywords: Most affected cities, water pollution,
Review article *Corresponding Author, e-mail: elhamghasemi@gmail.com