Functional Distemper Coatings with Antifungal and Antimicrobial Properties- A Review
Mahnoor Chawla*, Maymoona Mahboob
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Abstract
Antimicrobial paints are smart protective coatings that are developed to counter the development of micro-organisms and increase the lifespan of the coating, particularly in moist and polluted environments. Traditional paints are highly prone to development of fungus, loss of colors, development of odors, and decay that lead to a lack of structural integrity. Introduction of nanotechnology has ushered in a tremendous change in formulated paints as they incorporate metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles such as silver, copper, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide. This activity in a combination of various mechanisms is caused by the nano-additives which may include liberation of ions containing metal, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), photocatalytic behavior, and increased protection from UV rays. These materials are highly soluble since they are nanoscale, enhanced surface adherence, and long antimicrobial cover as compared to the classic finishes. The standardized testing standards are used in estimating the performance that such a coating can last, its ageing mechanism and ability and an accurate and reliable estimation is achieved. The paper illuminates the importance, advantages and application of metal-based nanocomposite finishing (especially silver-based and copper based antimicrobial finishing) as suggested by the improved antimicrobial activity and increasing application in the industry sector. The antifungal distemper coating is much more efficient and widely used in buildings, business and healthcare centers.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Smart Coatings, Sustainable solution, antimicrobial properties
Submitted: 07-07-2025; Accepted: 27-11-2025; Published: 15-12-2025
Full length article *Corresponding Author, e-mail: mahnoorchawla314@gmail.com